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Recuperación y RAG

1217documentos

102últimos 7 días

Mixing Matters: Evidence Position Bias Across Sequence Mixers in Long-Context Question Answering

Long-context models often use answer-bearing evidence less effectively when it appears away from a prompt boundary. We compare this position bias across Transformer, state-space, and hybrid Mamba architectures by moving one gold document through a fixed set of nine distractors. The evaluated Transformers show a beginning advantage that the evaluated state-space models lack, while both families favor evidence near the end. A matched pure-versus-hybrid Mamba comparison points in the same direction but remains statistically uncertain. The family difference appears among models that can answer the task. Transformer primacy reappears on synthetic retrieval, where state-space ceiling prevents a family comparison. A corpus swap within one state-space architecture changes overall accuracy without a detectable change in curve shape. Prompt changes can create or nearly remove a beginning advantage. Position remains decodable across architectures even when response curves differ, and attention concentration near initial tokens covaries with beginning sensitivity in the tested Transformer family. These exploratory results show that effective context use depends on the evaluated architecture family, capability, task, and prompt, without isolating the sequence mixer as the sole cause.

arXiv AI Papershace 22 días

MQAScore: Fine-Grained Text-Music Alignment Evaluation via Large Audio Language Model

Text-to-music alignment is commonly evaluated by the global similarity between text and audio embeddings, which collapses all described attributes into a single score and obscures which ones are missing. We instead introduce MQAScore, which verifies each atomic musical concept along five clip-level dimensions (genre, instrument, mood/theme, vocal, and usage) by the probability that a large audio language model (LALM) answers affirmatively to a binary question. To assess evaluator reliability, we construct verification labels from presence/absence annotations and LLM-guided concept substitutions, and propose the Sensitivity-Invariance Ratio, which measures how selectively an evaluator responds to meaning-changing substitutions. Experiments show that concept-level scoring improves both question-answering and similarity-based evaluators, and MQAScore can be a more reliable and interpretable fine-grained complement to global similarity for evaluating text-to-music alignment.

arXiv AI Papershace 22 días

When Forgotten Facts Return: Relearning-Aware Unlearning of Knowledge Graph Embeddings via Tangent Kernels

Approximate unlearning answers a deletion request on a knowledge-graph embedding by editing entity embeddings instead of retraining from scratch. These embeddings keep being updated as new facts arrive. Under this ordinary continued training, forgotten facts recover more than in the exact-unlearning baseline, a model retrained without them and given the same continued training. We trace this relearning to entity embeddings shared by forgotten and new facts. To our knowledge, this is the first study of relearning in knowledge-graph embeddings. Relearning-robust methods developed for deep networks do not account for the graph structure underlying this recovery. We propose Kernel-Anticipated Unlearning (KAU), which uses the tangent kernel to model how continued training changes forgotten facts' scores through these shared parameters. KAU expresses this first-order response in closed form and differentiates through it inside the forgetting loss. The objective steers edits toward directions that continued training reverses less. We compare KAU with state-of-the-art knowledge-graph unlearners and relearning-robust methods under identical continued training, measuring leakage beyond the exact-unlearning baseline. Across three backbones, KAU reduces the strongest knowledge-graph unlearner's leakage by 46-63% on FB15k-237 and 50-82% on CoDEx-L, at higher retained utility.

arXiv AI Papershace 22 días

Chunk Recomputation under Real Document Revisions: Measuring Update Cost and Retrieval Quality of Fixed, Recursive, and Content-Defined Chunking

Chunking strategies for retrieval-augmented generation are almost always evaluated on a static snapshot, yet the documents underlying a knowledge base continue to change. Because chunks are embedded independently, a boundary that moves after an edit forces unchanged text to be re-embedded. We measure this update cost on 120 pairs of adjacent Chinese and English Wikipedia revisions for three stateless chunkers (non-overlapping fixed-size, recursive paragraph-first, and content-defined chunking) under a strict byte-identical reuse rule and a frozen dense encoder. On the 116-article common-success pool, with frozen, length-calibrated parameters, fixed-size chunking recomputes 57-68% of its full new-version embedding-input workload, recursive chunking 38-56%, and content-defined chunking 43-54% (it failed on 4 of 62 Chinese articles), while at these parameters mean evidence recall under a fixed 2048-token retrieval budget differs by less than two percentage points within either language. A cost-only parameter grid shows that the ranking of the two content-aware chunkers changes with chunk-length settings, whereas non-overlapping fixed-size chunking has the highest recomputation cost in every length-matched condition. Controlled edits and a verbatim-presence diagnostic support boundary drift as one contributor to recomputation of text already present in the previous version. Update cost is therefore a substantial, parameter-sensitive dimension that static retrieval evaluations do not expose and that should be reported alongside retrieval quality.

NVIDIA AI Bloghace 22 días

NVIDIA Transforms European Retail, From Digital Discovery to Physical Operations

European retailers are using open models and physical intelligence across use cases — from a commerce platform cutting inference costs by 90% to to a fulfillment center where collaboration of different robotic fleets is simulated inside a digital twin. Frontier Results With Open Models Retail leaders and technology companies across Europe are using NVIDIA-accelerated open […]

NVIDIA AI Bloghace 22 días

NVIDIA Open Models Power a New Wave of European Public Sector Projects

Governments need modern solutions to serve the public while keeping sensitive information under their control. Open models provide a path forward, letting governments evaluate them, adapt them to local languages and public services, run them on infrastructure they control, apply their own safeguards and keep sensitive data within controlled environments. Some open models go further, […]

RunPod Bloghace 22 días

RAG vs. Fine-Tuning: Which Is Best for Your LLM?

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and fine-tuning are powerful ways to adapt large language models. Learn the key differences, trade-offs, and when to.

AWS Machine Learning Bloghace 22 días

Securing Quick access from corporate networks with AWS PrivateLink

Learn how to connect on-premises data sources to Amazon Quick privately with AWS PrivateLink, keeping analytics traffic off the public internet. This walkthrough covers VPC endpoints for user and API access, VPC connections for data sources, DNS and endpoint policies, identity federation, and enforcing VPC-endpoint-only access for compliance.

AWS Machine Learning Bloghace 22 días

Adaptive agentic intelligence framework using Strands Agents

The Adaptive Agentic Intelligence Framework (AAIF), built with Strands Agents, handles routine tasks locally with small language models and routes complex requests to cloud models through Amazon Bedrock. This post walks through building AAIF with local SLMs through Ollama and Amazon Bedrock, using an Internet of Things monitoring scenario.

AWS Machine Learning Bloghace 22 días

Train Qwen3 on AWS Trainium with torchtitan

Train Qwen3 on AWS Trainium with torchtitan three ways on a single trn2.48xlarge: the Hugging Face Transformers v5 modeling backend, torchtitan's native Qwen3, and NKI mixture-of-experts kernels. The same torchrun launcher and config structure work unchanged across all three paths, including loading and saving published Hugging Face safetensors.

arXiv AI Papershace 22 días

LongZero: Enhancing Long-Context Reasoning in LLMs from Zero Data

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an effective way to strengthen the long-context reasoning of large language models (LLMs), but it needs training data that are long, diverse, challenging, and verifiable. Human annotation of such data is expensive, naturally occurring data are too scarce to sustain RL, and existing synthesis methods depend on external corpora or stronger teacher models, which become harder to obtain as the trained models get stronger. Recently, RL from zero data, in which a model learns from tasks it proposes itself, has achieved excellent performance, but existing methods target short-context tasks. Therefore, we propose LongZero, a method that lets an LLM improve its own long-context reasoning without any external data. Instead of writing questions and answers over existing documents, LongZero first has the model synthesize the question and answer with its supporting evidence in a compact structured form, and only then separately expands the evidence into a long multi-document context. LongZero combines these self-written multi-hop reasoning tasks with self-written multi-round retrieval tasks and trains the model with GRPO. We evaluate LongZero on two LLMs across five long-context reasoning benchmarks and compare it with RL on data synthesized from external corpora. Experimental results show that LongZero can generalize to real tasks, and outperforms both baselines, suggesting a viable and promising path to improving long-context reasoning of LLMs.

arXiv AI Papershace 22 días

Loopholing All the Way: Language Modeling with pure Self-Conditioning

Recent Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) use Self-Conditioning (SC), or Loopholing, to improve their performance. While SC is traditionally seen as an auxiliary heuristic, its empirical success raises the question: can a continuous generative model be based purely on Self-Conditioning? We answer affirmatively with LAW (``Loopholing All the Way''), which propagates the Expected Embedding under the denoiser's prediction across steps, decoding the tokens once, at the end. On Sudoku, LAW outperforms previous Discrete and Continuous Diffusion Models, including Loopholing Discrete Diffusion. On Maze, LAW is the most accurate from 2 to 64 NFE. After training on TinyGSM and sampling at temperature 1 with 1024 NFE, LAW solves 42.2% of GSM8K problems against 34.5% for uniform Loopholing Discrete Diffusion. Additionally, fine-tuning a pre-trained Uniform Diffusion Model (Duo) with LAW increases its accuracy from 17.2% to 48.1%. Finally, on OpenWebText, LAW pushes the Pareto frontier and approaches Autoregressive Models (ARMs) with 64 NFE. Find our code at https://github.com/ilievanadezhda/law.

arXiv AI Papershace 22 días

SWE-DIVE: Multi-Turn Coding Agent Evaluation with Dynamic User Simulation

Coding agents are typically evaluated using one-shot, well-formulated prompts. Benchmarks such as SWE-bench use existing GitHub issues as input for a coding agent and evaluate whether the agent successfully solves the task. However, in real-world use cases, prompts are often not as well-formulated or structured as existing GitHub issues. Additionally, a coding agent session is not limited to a single prompt; it typically involves a multi-turn interaction in which the user iteratively adds new tasks and requirements that the agent must fulfill. To benchmark these abilities, we developed SWE-DIVE, a dynamic, interactive validation and evaluation framework for benchmarking coding agents in a multi-turn environment. To achieve this, we introduce a user simulator that can simulate different behavioral patterns and communicate with the coding agent. We also introduce a conversation validator that evaluates the user simulator's outputs to determine whether they fulfill the initial requirements and guide the agent toward successfully solving the task. The entire framework is embedded in a Harbor environment, which orchestrates the coding agent, user simulator, and conversation validator, and executes the test environment to determine whether the agent successfully solves the task. Our results and source code are available in our GitHub repository (https://github.com/lorenzbrehme/swe-dive_usersim).

arXiv AI Papershace 22 días

Code Comprehensor: Hierarchical Documentation and Cross-Modal Retrieval for Large Repositories

Understanding large, complex, and rapidly evolving code bases remains a core challenge for software engineering at scale, hindering onboarding, maintenance, refactoring, and impact analysis. Providing this information to a Large-Language Model (LLM) is another hurdle, as the LLM must understand not only the required code method but also its associated methods in the grand scheme of the repository. We propose Code Comprehensor, a hybrid retrieval-reasoning framework combining (i) a code dependency callgraph, (ii) CodeScribe, which uses code-aware LLMs to generate hierarchical documentation across repository call graphs, and (iii) CodeContrast, a CLIP-style dual-encoder model trained on CodeScribe output to learn aligned text-code embeddings. CodeContrast enables fast, semantically precise retrieval of relevant code-context neighborhoods, which serve as grounded evidence for an MCP-based LLM orchestrator answering domain-specific queries. Evaluation on OpenCV and a proprietary 5M-LOC repository shows that CodeScribe-derived supervision significantly improves cross-modal retrieval in text-to-code accuracy over baseline approaches. Richer textual supervision (hierarchical documentation, parent/sibling context, and LLM-generated synthetic questions) consistently enhances performance across both repositories. LLM-as-a-judge evaluation using the popular RAGAS of the Code Comprehensor output yields above 90% faithfulness scores.

arXiv AI Papershace 22 días

HiddenLens: A Multi-Layer LLM Framework for Detecting and Resolving Hidden Assumptions in Software Requirements

Natural-language software requirements often omit assumptions about performance, operating conditions, user behaviour, and domain constraints, affecting architecture, testing, and deployment. If undiscovered until implementation, resolving them is far more costly than addressing them early. Although ambiguity and vagueness are widely studied, less attention has been given to assumptions embedded in requirements that appear clear and reasonable. We propose HiddenLens, a novel six-layer BERT-LLM pipeline and, to our knowledge, the first framework engineered to detect, classify, question, and resolve hidden assumptions rather than merely flag ambiguity. Layer 1 uses BERT attention entropy to localise unresolved spans; Layer 2 uses CoT-prompted LLM reasoning to articulate each assumption and its failure risk; Layer 3 uses fine-tuned BERT to classify assumptions into six non-functional requirement categories: performance, security, scalability, usability, reliability, and domain; Layer 4 generates ranked clarification options using FS LLM prompting; Layer 5 enables human validation through confirmation, editing, or rephrasing; and Layer 6 rewrites the requirement using the confirmed resolution, producing an explicit, testable, and traceable requirement. We also introduce the HiddenLens Corpus (HLC), comprising 312 requirements annotated with 847 hidden assumptions across six NFR categories. Inspired by PROMISE and PURE, HLC addresses the lack of annotated data for this task and is, to our knowledge, the first dataset developed specifically for it. HiddenLens outperforms keyword-based and QuARS-Adapted baselines by 71% and 61%, respectively, achieving an end-to-end F1-score of 0.79; its BERT-based NFR classifier achieves an F1-score of 0.847. These results indicate that HiddenLens can help analysts resolve hidden assumptions before they propagate through software development.

arXiv AI Papershace 22 días

FaultGene: LLM-Assisted Fault-Augmented Test Generation for Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation of Autonomous Driving Systems

Reliable validation of autonomous driving cyber-physical systems requires testing not only nominal driving behavior but also failures arising from faults in sensing and embedded computation. Physical road testing provides realistic system behavior but is costly and difficult to reproduce, while simulation enables scalable evaluation but cannot fully capture hardware-dependent behavior and fault propagation. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) validation bridges this gap by executing the driving stack on real embedded hardware within a simulated environment. However, preparing fault-augmented scenarios for HIL testing remains largely a manual process, limiting test coverage, scalability, and efficiency. We present FaultGene, an LLM-assisted framework for automated generation of executable fault-augmented tests for HIL fault-resilience validation. Given a baseline Scenic/CARLA scenario and a structured fault specification, FaultGene generates a fault-augmented test case that captures the effects of HIL-level fault injection. During offline refinement, semantic-consistency checks and execution-level feedback are used to correct candidates that fail to preserve the intended scenario context or produce the desired fault-induced degradation, and to construct high-quality supervision for fine-tuning. The resulting generator then produces fault-augmented tests directly at deployment time without requiring manually engineered reference executions or repeated refinement loops.

Hugging Face Bloghace 22 días

NVIDIA Kumo Forecast Combines Pretrained Time-Series Representations with Historical Pattern Retrieval and Interpretability

arXiv AI Papershace 23 días

Implicit Feature Reweighting for Label-Free Graph Generalization

Graph-level out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization is critical for deploying graph neural networks in real-world applications where distribution shifts are inevitable. Existing approaches typically require class labels during representation learning to decide which substructures are predictive, limiting their applicability. We propose SCARCE, a label-free representation-learning framework that yields distribution-shift-robust graph representations from an environment partition of the training graphs alone, whether that partition comes from dataset metadata or, when none is available, from clustering a self-supervised embedding. Our method operates in two stages: (1) a variational graph autoencoder is warm-started for graph reconstruction; and (2) an adversarial confusion mechanism forces the encoder to produce representations from which a discriminator cannot distinguish environments, while preserving graph-reconstruction fidelity. We provide theoretical analysis showing that environment confusion contracts environment-discriminative directions in the representation space, which, under regularized downstream classifiers, is equivalent to imposing a stronger directional penalty on environment-associated features. This feature-reweighting mechanism reduces reliance on spurious correlations without erasing information, offering a label-free, continuous relaxation of last-layer reweighting methods. Experiments on a controlled synthetic datasets and the DrugOOD datasets show that SCARCE achieves state-of-the-art OOD generalization among label-free methods, using no class labels during representation learning.

NVIDIA AI Bloghace 23 días

Bringing the Spark to Europe: Local Intelligence Powers Next Wave of Agents

At GTC Berlin, NVIDIA is showcasing its full lineup of local AI hardware. RTX Spark, which launched last week, powers personal agents on Windows PCs; DGX Spark supports developers building and scaling applications on Linux; and DGX Station serves enterprise teams running frontier workloads on Linux, with a Windows version arriving in December. Announcements include: […]

Hugging Face Bloghace 23 días