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Recuperación y RAG

1217documentos

102últimos 7 días

arXiv AI Papers

From Autonomous Agents to Cognitive Symbionts: Toward AI-Augmented Human Intelligence

For a decade, progress in artificial intelligence has been measured by how much a machine can do on its own. Large foundation models now write code and run multistep tasks, and personal agents act on a person's behalf. Yet people still forget what they once knew, miss what they are not looking at, fail to find the right words, and face hard choices without the benefit of their own history, because the machine that could help stands outside the situation. As AI moves into the physical world, attention has settled on one kind of intelligent individual, the embodied robot; we argue that the era of Physical AI holds a second kind of equal importance, the person augmented by AI. Alongside artificial general intelligence, which asks how intelligent a machine can be, stands AI-augmented human intelligence (AHI), which asks how much intelligence a machine can enable in a particular person. Realizing it calls for a new kind of system, a cognitive symbiont: a lifelong, embedded, real-time, private, low-friction, and proactive companion that senses what the person senses through external devices, keeps their context across years, models their situation and their mind, takes part in their thinking at the right moment, carries out everyday tasks with their context, and keeps learning the person as both change. We give the paradigm a conceptual core, the cognitive gap between what a person could bring to a situation and what they can hold in working memory, and organize its design space as a symbiosis loop of sensing, keeping, understanding, living alongside, acting for and thinking with the person, and growing, enclosed by a personal runtime and by trust. Because a symbiont changes what a person can do in front of others, it also raises risks of a new kind, from covert assistance in examinations to pressure on everyone to adopt it, and we treat their governance as part of the paradigm.

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arXiv AI Papers

Reading Why: Born-Measured Attention with Exact Word Evidence on Light and Qubits

When a language model answers, we can usually only estimate why. We build a transformer in which every step is a Born measurement - attention |q|k|^4 normalised over each row, a measured product in place of the feed-forward nonlinearity, and a Born readout. With its denominators held at their values for the input, each class probability is a polynomial in the word amplitudes, so its integrated-gradient evidence is computed by a finite quadrature with no quadrature error: the words' contributions sum to the class probability above its no-information share, to 10^{-11} or better. On e-SNLI natural language inference, with about 98k parameters outside the embedding, the model reaches 76.98 0.17% test accuracy, level with a softmax transformer of the same size (76.62 0.36%). Deleting the word its evidence ranks first changes the answer in 45% of test pairs, out of the 53% any single deletion can change, against 32% for the softmax model explained the same way and 40% by its attention x gradient. Attention can look more like the words annotators highlighted, yet accounts for the answer less well: deleting the word it ranks first changes the Born Transformer's answer in 32% of pairs. The same weights compile exactly to optoelectronic optics and to qubits, and a coherent attention layer becomes one circuit equal to the model (852 CNOTs on 23 qubits). On IBM's ibm_kingston, reading only the attention overlaps by Hadamard tests, the device gave the model's answers on two short test pairs and kept or changed them under deletion as the model does; the evidence itself did not yet survive the device, and we work out the shots and calibration that measuring it on hardware would need.

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arXiv AI Papers

HARP: Training-Free Dual-Profile Agentic Communication for LLM-Based Recommendation

In LLM-based recommendation, memory acts as a user-level agent in a memory-augmented backbone. Yet users and items remain asymmetric: only the user is given a structured profile; it enters a bandwidth-limited reranker prompt; and it is frozen after warmup. We recast LLM-based recommendation as an agentic-communication process in four stages: BUILD a self-description, TRANSMIT it along the collaborative graph, UNDERSTAND the other side, and SYNC it from the next interaction. This formulation reveals three unresolved communication challenges: the item side never produces a comparable self-description (one-sided BUILD); profile-level signals enter only the bandwidth-limited reranker prompt rather than retrieval, where they would not compete for context tokens (prompt-trapped UNDERSTAND); and the user's description is frozen after warmup with no principled update rule (absent SYNC). We instantiate the missing stages as HARP (Homophily-aware Agentic Recommendation via dual Profiles), a training-free, three-operator addition to a frozen LLM backbone: a rule-extracted symmetric item profile (zero extra LLM calls), a channel-decomposable profile-level homophily H(phi_u, phi_i) consumed at retrieval time rather than inside the reranker prompt, and a single-pass reflective update realising in-context profile evolution without any gradient step. On four public benchmarks (Yelp, Books, MovieTV, Goodreads), HARP lifts Hit@1 over the strongest published baseline by 6.9%-24.0%, with family-wise Holm-corrected p < 1e-9 on every dataset. Ablations and a per-case attribution study show that the operators contribute complementary gains, with the retrieval-side gate as the main source; we also report the trade-off introduced by the reflective pass. We formulate agentic communication and provide a training-free instantiation. Code is available at https://github.com/Jove-Zhen/HARP.

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arXiv AI Papers

LoopVQ: Sub 1-bit KV Cache Quantization for Looped Transformers

Looped transformers are a parameter-efficient alternative to standard transformers for language modeling. By reapplying the same layers across multiple loop steps, recent looped language models match the performance of non-looped models several times their size. While this architecture effectively reduces parameter memory, each loop step still stores its own keys and values, so the key-value (KV) cache grows linearly with the number of loop steps and becomes the main memory bottleneck. We observe that the KV cache of looped models is highly redundant along the loop axis and that the loop steps differ substantially in their sensitivity to quantization. Based on these observations, we propose LoopVQ, a KV cache vector quantization method for looped transformers that codes channels of multiple loop steps jointly, and fine-tunes the codebooks to match the output of the full-precision model. At 0.5 bits per element, LoopVQ outperforms existing KV cache vector quantization methods for standard LLMs on general, long chain-of-thought reasoning, and long-context retrieval tasks with Ouro and Huginn models. Its design is orthogonal to these methods, and combined with TaSQ, it retains much of the BF16 accuracy even at 0.25 bits per element. We also implement LoopVQ in SGLang, where it nearly halves the decode latency at a 32K-token context and raises the peak serving throughput by up to 4.3and 6.1on the 1.4B and 2.6B Ouro models compared to the BF16 baseline.

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arXiv AI Papers

Fusing Earth observation embeddings and spaceborne terrain with meteorological forcing for flood peak depth prediction from high-water marks

Flood peak depth on normally dry land governs damage and risk to life, but is observed only sparsely, by post-event high-water mark (HWM) surveys, and depth derived from satellite flood extent is produced after the event and inherits the vertical error of the digital elevation model (DEM) it is computed from. Deep-learning flood models have in turn been trained on hydrodynamic simulations rather than on observed depths. We ask whether flood peak depth can be learned from field observations and predicted before the peak from spaceborne terrain, geospatial foundation-model embeddings and antecedent meteorological forcing. We assembled 5689 USGS HWM surveys from 39 events (2011-2025) in 24 U.S. states and Puerto Rico, assigned each a peak time from nearby sensors, paired each with a rain-free window at the same site, and linked them to Copernicus GLO-30 terrain, AlphaEarth embeddings and 144 h of hourly forcing masked to the lead time. A cross-modal fusion network trained on these observations predicts depth at the surveyed marks with a mean absolute error of 0.39 m 6 h ahead of the peak. Supervision by surveyed depth corrects the DEM error implicitly: differencing the measured peak water level with the same DEM gives 0.93 m at the same marks, 2.4 times larger, although it uses the measured water level and the model does not. Forcing accounts for 77% of the attributed reduction in depth error; terrain and the embeddings are statistically equivalent to each other and contribute the remaining 23%. On eleven held-out events the model still separates flooded from rain-free conditions but no longer resolves depth at the marks (R2 = 0.03), so the skill reported here is confined to the events and regions sampled. Field-surveyed depths can thus supervise flood depth prediction and correct terrain error that extent-based estimation cannot, while transfer to unseen storms remains the open problem.

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arXiv AI Papers

LIPS-PC: Learning Illumination Patterns for Single-Pixel Classification

In single-pixel (ghost) imaging, known illumination patterns probe an object and a detector with no spatial resolution returns one number per pattern. Each measurement costs acquisition time and photons and, for ionizing probes, contributes to delivered dose. Motivated by automated radiographic defect screening, where a class label suffices, we introduce Learning Illumination Patterns for Single-Pixel Classification (LIPS-PC). The patterns are learned end-to-end while the measurement operator remains one fixed linear matrix, identical for every input. We parameterize it as a residual correction to a two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D-DCT), D=D_{base}+Δ, and jointly train the correction and a compact classifier using cross-entropy, without a reconstruction objective. This yields a task-driven linear embedding through optimization. We evaluate LIPS-PC numerically on MNIST and Fashion-MNIST under a controlled protocol, then on RIAWELC, a real industrial X-ray weld-radiograph dataset. Across five budgets, M{8,16,32,64,128}, corresponding to sampling ratios from below 1% to 12.5%, the learned operator outperforms the best tested fixed transform by 9-15 percentage points at M=8 on all three datasets. Its eight-measurement accuracy requires roughly 16-32 measurements with the best fixed transform, indicating a 2to 4saving at comparable accuracy. The advantage generally shrinks as M increases, with a small reversal on RIAWELC at higher budgets. These results show that learning what to measure is especially valuable when measurements are scarce.

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arXiv AI Papers

Koopman Generative Operators for Efficient Probabilistic Time-Series Forecasting

Probabilistic time-series forecasting requires models that simultaneously capture structured temporal dynamics, expressive uncertainty, and efficient inference, yet existing approaches fall short of this goal: latent dynamical models impose structure but rely on restrictive generation mechanisms, while modern generative methods such as diffusion and flow matching achieve flexibility at the cost of iterative and computationally expensive sampling. We introduce the Koopman Generative Operator (KGO), a probabilistic forecasting method that conceptualizes prediction as the evolution of structured uncertainty. KGO integrates three core components: (1) Koopman Patch Embedding (KoPE) for temporally consistent latent trajectory extrapolation; (2) Koopman Flow Matching (KoFM), which enables fast, single-step generation through a closed-form matrix exponential in a Koopman latent space, bypassing iterative sampling; and (3) an Adaptive Uncertainty Gate (AUG), which provides probabilistic forecasts by adapting uncertainty per-variable and per-horizon, corresponding to a learned decomposition of aleatoric uncertainty without manual tuning. By unifying these components, KGO achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on 13/17 ProbTS benchmarks in CRPS and 16/17 in NMAE. Further, by eliminating iterative sampling, KGO delivers at least a 25reduction in inference time compared to iterative generative models. These results position KGO as a practical and principled framework that advances the accuracy-efficiency trade-off in probabilistic time-series forecasting, combining leading accuracy on the evaluated benchmarks with fast, single-step generation.

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arXiv AI Papers

When Should an LLM Steering Edit Depend on the Input?

An activation steering edit should depend on the input exactly when the destination varies inside the class a query requests, and that is measurable before any rule is fitted or applied. Contrastive Activation Addition (CAA) adds one fixed direction to every input, the difference of the class means. Conditioning it on the requested class accounts for the between-class variation in the required displacement and leaves the within-class variation untouched, which no rule that reads only the source state can express. We study the impact of increasing input-dependence in the steering edit, moving from a difference of means to a destination retrieved per query --- the mean of the k stored states nearest the query, inside the requested class --- in which the two baselines are endpoints: at k equal to the class size the retrieved rule is the class-conditional difference of means. We measure input-dependent steering on six substitution corpora that vary in whether the edit changes a word or a clause, and on an external benchmark, and find that input-dependent steering outperforms fixed-direction steering when the destination varies within the class. Retrieval wins at every layer of every substitution corpus in two models, and the level of input-dependence needed governs how to apply it: word-level edits are best made in the first tenth of the network from a few neighbours, clause-level edits at any depth from the class mean. Where the class already determines the answer the class mean suffices and retrieval only matches it, though a fixed direction still fails there. Four quantities computed from the states alone identify the regime in which the edit should be applied.

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arXiv AI Papers

Hybrid acoustic and pretrained embedding feature fusion for unmanned aerial vehicle detection using stacking ensemble learning under a leakage-aware evaluation protocol

Small multirotor drones produce a characteristic acoustic signature, and microphones offer a low-cost way to detect them. High accuracies have been reported on public drone audio benchmarks, often with random clip-level splits of datasets built from a few long recordings and pieces of existing sound collections, so pieces of one source can appear in both training and test data. We study the binary task of the public DroneAudioDataset (11,704 one-second clips). Its 1,332 drone clips come from 257 five-second chunks of 7 recordings, and 96.4% of its non-drone clips are pieces of the 2,000 clips of the ESC-50 sound dataset. A grouped, source-disjoint protocol (five folds, three repeats) is compared with a random split. Each clip is described by 57 hand-crafted acoustic descriptors, reduced by a hybrid minimum-redundancy maximum-relevance and ReliefF selection or by NSGA-II multi-objective search, and by a 1024-dimensional embedding from the pretrained YAMNet network. Random Forest and XGBoost learners on both views form a stacking ensemble. Under the grouped protocol, the two-view stack reached a mean accuracy of 95.29% (SD 1.62 points over 15 test folds), a specificity of 98.29% and an area under the ROC curve of 0.990, and it correctly classified 98.78% of unseen ESC-50 source clips as non-drone. The random split overstated accuracy by 1.89 to 3.22 points for the four models. Adding YAMNet embeddings to the hand-crafted view raised accuracy by 1.11 points (higher in 12 of 15 folds). Hybrid selection matched the accuracy of all 44 baseline descriptors with 16 to 18 features, and NSGA-II retained 4 to 6 features at lower accuracy. The stack took 51.0 ms per clip on one CPU thread. Source-disjoint evaluation is needed for a fair benchmark on this dataset, and fusing hand-crafted descriptors with pretrained embeddings gives a small but consistent gain at modest computational cost.

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arXiv AI Papers

DenseTwins: Dense Modality Decoupling for Multimodal Self-Supervision

Multimodal perception is central to many computer vision applications, including robotics and autonomous driving, where different sensing modalities provide complementary cues. Self-supervised learning offers a scalable solution for exploiting large amounts of unlabeled multimodal data. However, existing methods either neglect modality-specific information by enforcing feature-space alignment between modalities or learn only global representations without preserving spatial structure. We propose DenseTwins, a multimodal self-supervised framework that learns dense representations by explicitly decoupling the dense feature space into shared and modality-specific components. The proposed approach combines dense cross-modal correspondences with redundancy-reduction objectives, enabling the model to capture both shared semantics and modality-specific cues within a structured dense embedding space. DenseTwins jointly optimizes an intra-modal objective across augmented views and a cross-modal objective that aligns shared features while decorrelating modality-specific information. We evaluate DenseTwins across multiple multimodal benchmarks and sensing setups, achieving state-of-the-art or competitive performance across multimodal self-supervised baselines. Code available at: https://github.com/CarloSgaravatti/DenseTwins.

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arXiv AI Papers

CardioVascBench:Prioritized Diagnosis Generation from Real-World Chinese Cardiovascular Records

Identifying the primary diagnosis alone does not fully characterize a model's diagnosis-generation performance. We introduce CardioVascBench, a retrospective benchmark for prioritized diagnosis generation from real-world Chinese cardiovascular inpatient records. It contains 3,262 de-identified cases, with 2,174 for training and 1,088 for evaluation, linking clinical narratives and textual ECG reports to expert-verified, ordered discharge diagnoses standardized to ICD-10. An English translation of the evaluation set supports aligned cross-lingual comparison. Our evaluation protocol combines terminology normalization and rank-aware scoring to separately assess primary-diagnosis identification, reference-diagnosis coverage, and list precision. Evaluation across 36 systems shows that higher primary-diagnosis accuracy does not necessarily imply higher list precision against discharge references. We also provide CardioKG-Agent, a knowledge-enhanced baseline combining entity normalization, constrained graph retrieval, and guideline evidence. In a staged comparison of three baseline models, supervised fine-tuning plus the agent achieves a 73.5% higher mean composite score than fine-tuning alone, representing a system-level gain. These results measure retrospective agreement with recorded diagnoses; agreement between metric rankings and physician judgments remains to be validated. CardioVascBench supports research on diagnosis prioritization and knowledge-enhanced generation.

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arXiv AI Papers

QueryFlow: Multi-Hop Graph Retrieval with Adaptive Query Evolution

Multi-hop retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) supports Web information seeking and fact verification by recovering complementary evidence across related pages within a limited retrieval budget. Scoring evidence independently against the original question can miss supporting units whose relevance emerges through intermediate facts. Iterative retrieval incorporates these facts into subsequent queries, while graph retrieval explicitly models relations among evidence units. Yet fixed-query graph retrievers update entity representations without adapting the query condition to accumulated relational context. We view multi-hop evidence recovery as the coupled evolution of evidence representations and query conditions, with accumulated context informing both what the retriever represents and how it searches for complementary evidence. QueryFlow realizes this perspective by recurrently integrating query-conditioned summaries of graph context into a shared query state, which controls boundary inputs and relation features for subsequent propagation. Across four representative multi-hop question answering (QA) datasets, QueryFlow achieves macro Recall@10 (R@10), Full Recall@10 (FR@10), and LLM-Acc gains of 4.98, 8.40, and 8.0 percentage points over representative baselines, respectively.

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arXiv AI Papers

OSGR: Observation-Support Graph Reasoning for Earth Observation Question Answering

Answering geographic queries over Earth observation (EO) archives requires solving a joint retrieval-and-derivation problem under strict spatiotemporal constraints. Existing LLM agents fail to ground observation items or suffer from search-space explosion. We propose OSGR, a two-stage framework that factorizes this search into offline symbolic concept deduction and online Relation-Conditioned Grounding. OSGR leverages an offline Observation-Support Graph to deduce valid target-to-result support paths at the concept level, and applies spatiotemporal compatibility kernels to instantiate grounded observation-item sets. On Earth-Bench and DisasterM3-Reason, OSGR improves GPT-4o accuracy from 49.3\% to 63.7\% while reducing the execution-step ratio from 2.9 to 2.5.

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arXiv AI Papers

When Debate Amplifies Risk: Social-Bias Vulnerabilities in Multi-Agent Safety Deliberation

Retrieval-augmented Web applications increasingly employ multi-agent debate (MAD) to aggregate conflicting, noisy, and heterogeneous information, yet deliberation is fundamentally a social process susceptible to interpersonal dynamics. When retrieved Web sources contain latent hazards alongside safe factual content, social biases such as conformity pressure and authority deference can override evidence-grounded safety boundaries. In this work, we investigate whether the social structure of deliberation can paradoxically amplify latent Web safety risks. We introduce SafeConflict-Bias, a controlled counterfactual diagnostic protocol spanning six core Web risk categories, which holds queries and retrieved evidence strictly invariant while isolating conversational majority sway, authority cues, and confidence asymmetry. Empirical evaluation across diverse proprietary and open-source backbones reveals that while isolated models reliably reject unsafe guidance, standard MAD catastrophically capitulates to social pressure---surging unsafe adoption from 0.0\% up to 100.0\% and systematically silencing safe minority evidence. To resolve this systemic fragility without retraining or debate regeneration, we propose RiskTrace-Debias, an inference-time auditing framework uniting evidence-first precommitment, social-metadata masking, and consistency-gated arbitration. RiskTrace-Debias suppresses worst-case unsafe adoption to 2.0\% across all architectures without inducing over-refusal, while generating verifiable provenance traces to audit interpersonal manipulation in Web deliberation.

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arXiv AI Papers

Reliability Stress Testing of RAG Retrieval under Query-Relevant Corpus Poisoning

External text can affect a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system only after the retriever admits it to the model context. We stress this admission step while varying document content, attacker query information, per-target poison budget, and contamination scope. Across 623 Benchmarking Information Retrieval (BEIR) queries from SciFact and NFCorpus, five query-targeted documents per query reduce classical-retriever nDCG@10 by 40.2-61.5% in isolated-target stress. Full-query anchoring explains most Best Matching 25 (BM25) degradation, whereas appended text also shifts latent semantic analysis (LSA) and Hybrid rankings. A pretrained BGE-small validation reaches 100% target exposure for query-only P=5 on both datasets; adding the injection payload changes SciFact nDCG only from 0.269 to 0.271 and lowers NFCorpus exposure slightly to 98.8%, indicating that query anchoring remains the dominant retrieval-side factor for this dense model. Query length materially changes the interpretation of partial-information attacks: on 162 long SciFact queries, two random terms cover 19.9% of eligible terms and still yield 39.5% Hybrid target exposure. Multi-target contamination adds cross-target interference. Overlap-based admission can remove full-query poisons but may sharply reduce clean retrieval utility, and maximal marginal relevance (MMR) leaves exposure unchanged under the tested configuration. The study measures retrieval-layer failures, not downstream instruction following.

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arXiv AI Papers

Constructing a Regional Slang Lexicon for Electricity Demands via Soft-Label Bidirectional Anchoring and Active Learning

Power-grid customer service increasingly relies on community social media, where customers describe outages, billing, and equipment faults in informal regional dialect. Such messages exhibit non-standard morphology, semantic drift, and out-of-vocabulary expressions that make manual lexicon construction costly and degrade conventional NLP tools. We propose a weak-supervision framework constructing a regional slang lexicon from curated dialect anchors and power-domain seed terms. Candidates are generated via Pointwise Mutual Information with soft-label bidirectional anchoring, retaining dialect-anchored terms while recording power-domain relevance as separate metadata, and are scored by combining Sentence-BERT semantic similarity with a jieba-based wordhood measure. Uncertainty-aware active learning with rule-based and retrieval-augmented LLM oracles is applied under three query strategies, and the resulting lexicon is evaluated by a higher-capability LLM calibrated against human expert annotations via Cohen's κ. On 11,177 real WeChat messages from Yuxi (Yunnan, China), the framework achieves an evaluator-estimated dialect precision of DP~=~1.0 with zero false positives. An ablation shows that soft-label layering retains 751\% more candidates than strict power-gating at identical precision, expanding the candidate pool from 41 to 349 terms. Human calibration (n=46) yields κ_{dialect}=1.0 and κ_{power}=0.85. The resulting 25--33-term lexicon, 4--5 of which are power-relevant, provides a preliminary resource for dialect-aware power-grid service NLP.

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